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1 закон Архимеда
1) Naval: law of Archimedes2) Engineering: Archimedean principle3) Physics: Archimedes' principle, buoyancy principle4) Fishery: Archimedes law, the Archimedes principle5) General subject: Archimedes' priming -
2 principe
c black principe [pʀɛ̃sip]masculine nouna. ( = règle) principle• il n'est pas dans mes principes de... it's against my principles to...► de principe [hostilité, objection, opposition, soutien] automaticc black b. ( = hypothèse) assumption• partir du principe que... to work on the assumption that...━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━✎ Le mot anglais se termine par - ple.* * *pʀɛ̃sip
1.
nom masculin1) ( règle) principle2) ( hypothèse) assumption3) ( concept) principleles principes d'une science/d'un art — ( rudiments) the rudiments of a science/an art
4) Chimie principle
2.
en principe locution adverbiale1) ( habituellement) as a rule2) ( en théorie) in theory* * *pʀɛ̃sip nmpartir du principe que — to work on the principle that, to work on the assumption that
pour le principe — on principle, for the sake of it
en principe (= habituellement) — as a rule, (= théoriquement) in theory
Il déjeune en principe à midi et demi. — As a rule he has lunch at 12.30.
En principe Anne doit arriver lundi. — In theory, Anne should arrive on Monday.
* * *A nm1 ( règle) principle; avoir des principes to have principles; par principe on principle; pour le principe as a matter of principle; c'est une question de principe it's a matter of principle; objection de principe objection on the grounds of principle; principe de non-ingérence principle of noninterference; il a pour principe de ne jamais emprunter d'argent he never borrows money as a matter of principle; accord de principe provisional agreement;2 ( hypothèse) assumption; partir du principe que, poser comme principe que to work on the assumption that;3 ( concept) principle; ils ont accepté le principe d'une conférence de paix they have accepted the principle of a peace conference; quel est le principe de la machine à vapeur how does a steam engine work?, what's the principle behind the steam engine?; selon quel principe cette machine fonctionne-t-elle? on what principle does this machine work?; les principes d'une science/d'un art ( rudiments) the rudiments of a science/an art;4 Chimie, Pharm principle; les principes actifs contenus dans un médicament the active principles of a medicine;5 ( origine) principle; Dieu comme principe de toute chose God as the principle behind all things; remonter au principe des choses to go back to first principles.B en principe loc adv1 ( habituellement) as a rule; en principe je rentre chez moi vers 18 heures as a rule I get home at around six o'clock;2 ( en théorie) in theory; en principe on part vendredi in theory we're leaving on Friday.principe d'Archimède Phys Archimedes' principle; principe de causalité Philos causality; principe d'exclusion de Pauli Nucl, Phys Pauli exclusion principle; principe de plaisir Psych pleasure principle; principe de réalité Psych reality principle.[prɛ̃sip] nom masculinj'ai toujours eu pour principe d'agir honnêtement I have always made it a principle to act with honestyje pars du principe que... I start from the principle ou I assume that...posons comme principe que nous avons les crédits nécessaires let us assume that we get the necessary credits3. [notion - d'une science] principle4. [fonctionnement] principlele principe de la vente par correspondance, c'est... the (basic) principle of mail-order selling is...votre déclaration contredit le principe même de notre Constitution your statement goes against the very principle ou basis of our Constitution6. [origine] origin8. ÉCONOMIE [produit]————————de principe locution adjectivale[accord, approbation] provisional————————en principe locution adverbiale[d'habitude]en principe, nous descendons à l'hôtel we usually stop at a hotelpar principe locution adverbialepour le principe locution adverbialetu refuses de signer pour le principe ou pour des raisons personnelles? are you refusing to sign for reasons of principle or for personal reasons? -
3 principio
m (pl -pi) ( inizio) start, beginning( norma) principleal principio at the start, in the beginningda principio from the start or beginning or outsetper principio as a matter of principlein linea di principio in theory* * *principio s.m.1 beginning: il principio dell'anno, the beginning of the year; al principio dell'anno, del mese, at the beginning of (o early in) the year, the month; al principio del libro, della strada, at the beginning of the book, of the road; proprio dal principio, from the very beginning (o right from the start); incomincia dal principio, start from the beginning // dal principio alla fine, from beginning to end2 ( legge, sistema, norma) principle: principio di uguaglianza, principle of equality; principi morali, religiosi, moral, religious principles; un uomo che non ha principi, a man of no principles; un uomo di sani principi, a man of sound principles; seguire un principio di condotta, to follow a line of conduct // una questione di principio, a matter of principle // per principio, on principle: non ho accettato per principio, I have not accepted on principle; fare qlco. per principio, to do sthg. on principle // partire dal principio che..., to start from the principle that...: parte dal principio che ha sempre ragione lui, he starts from the principle that he is always right // (fis.): il principio di Archimede, the principle of Archimedes; principio di minima azione, least action principle // (mat.) il principio della continuità, the principle of continuity // (econ.): principio del beneficio, benefit principle; principio di reciprocità, reciprocity principle; principio dei costi comparati, principle of comparative costs // (amm.): principio del titolo valido, entitlement principle; principio della competenza, accrual basis; principio di cassa, cash basis // (trib.) principio del sacrificio uguale, equal sacrifice tax theory3 pl. ( elementi, rudimenti) principles, rudiments: gli mancano persino i principi della matematica, grammatica, he lacks even the rudiments of mathematics, grammar; principi fondamentali di geometria, first principles of geometry4 ( origine, causa) origin, cause, principle: Dio, principio dell'universo, God, the prime cause of the universe; quell'amicizia fu il principio della sua rovina, that friendship was the cause of his ruin // (fil.) il principio del bene, del male, the principle of good, of evil* * *1.1) (inizio) beginning, startin principio — in o at the beginning, at first
(fin) dal principio — all along, (right) from the start
dal principio alla fine — from beginning to end, from start to finish
ho un principio di raffreddore — I've got a cold coming on, I've got the beginnings of a cold
2) (regola) principle, valueper principio — on principle, as a matter of principle
è una questione di principio — it's the principle of the thing, it's a point o matter of principle
avere sani -pi — to have high principles, to be principled
3) (fondamento) principle, tenet4) mat. fis. principle, law5) chim. farm. principle2.* * *principiopl. -pi /prin't∫ipjo, pi/I sostantivo m.1 (inizio) beginning, start; in principio in o at the beginning, at first; (fin) dal principio all along, (right) from the start; dal principio alla fine from beginning to end, from start to finish; il principio di ogni male the origin of all evil; ho un principio di raffreddore I've got a cold coming on, I've got the beginnings of a cold2 (regola) principle, value; - pi morali morals; per principio on principle, as a matter of principle; in linea di principio in principle; è una questione di principio it's the principle of the thing, it's a point o matter of principle; avere sani -pi to have high principles, to be principled; essere privo di -pi morali to have no morals; persona di nobili -pi high-principled person3 (fondamento) principle, tenet; partire dal principio che to work on the assumption that4 mat. fis. principle, law; principio di Archimede Archimedes' principle5 chim. farm. principle; - pi attivi active principlesII principi m.pl.(rudimenti) rudiment sing., element sing. -
4 principio
m.1 beginning, start (comienzo).el principio del fin the beginning of the enddel principio al fin, desde el principio hasta el fin from beginning to end, from start to finisha principios de at the beginning ofal principio at first, in the beginningen principio quedamos en hacer una reunión el jueves provisionally o unless you hear otherwise, we've arranged to meet on Thursdayen un principio at first2 principle (fundamento, ley).en principio in principlepor principio on principle3 origin, source (origen).4 element (elemento).principio activo active ingredientpres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: principiar.* * *1 (inicio) beginning, start2 (base) principle3 (moral) principle1 rudiments\al principio at first, at the beginningen principio in principle* * *noun m.1) beginning, outset2) principle* * *SM1) (=comienzo) beginningal principio — at first, in the beginning
a principios del verano — at the beginning of the summer, early in the summer
desde el principio — from the first, from the outset
desde el principio hasta el fin — from start to finish, from beginning to end
en un principio — at first, to start with
tener principio en algo — to start from sth, be based on sth
2) pl principios (=nociones) rudiments, first notions"Principios de física" — "Introduction to Physics", "Outline of Physics"
3) (=norma) principleel principio de la legalidad — the force of law, the rule of law
4) (Fil) principle5) (Quím) element, constituent6) (Culin) entrée* * *1) ( comienzo) beginningel principio del verano — early summer, the beginning of summer
en un or al principio — at first, in the beginning
2)a) (concepto, postulado) principleb) ( norma moral) principle* * *1) ( comienzo) beginningel principio del verano — early summer, the beginning of summer
en un or al principio — at first, in the beginning
2)a) (concepto, postulado) principleb) ( norma moral) principle* * *el principio= early days, theEx: The new chemical was expensive, and in the early days it was often mishandled; much of the foxing of early nineteenth-century paper was due to inefficient bleaching.
principio11 = principle, proposition, tenet, canon, touchstone.Ex: Objective 2 results in what could be described as a collocative catalogue, because a catalogue based on this principle collocates the writings of a particular author.
Ex: They are a core, a set of basic propositions, onto which are grafted a rich variety of other possibilities.Ex: This attack summarises her main tenets.Ex: The archetypal canon is of course that of the books of the Bible, which are gathered together in a fixed and unchanging order.Ex: The touchstone for professional practice are the professional codes of ethics that govern medicine in face-to-face relationships with patients.* actuar de acuerdo con los principios de Uno = act on + Posesivo + principles.* adherirse a principios = espouse + principles.* basado en principios = principled.* basarse en un principio = base on + principle.* con principios = principled.* cumplir con un principio = comport with + principle.* declaración de principios = statement of principles, value statement, Bill of Rights, declaration of principles, statement of principles.* defender los principios de Uno = stand up for + Posesivo + principles.* de principios = principled.* de principios muy elevados = high-minded.* en principio = in principle, on principle.* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.* formular un principio = formulate + principle.* infringir un principio = violate + principle.* ir en contra de todos + Posesivo + principios = violate + principle.* Los Principios de París = Paris Principles.* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.* poner en duda unos principios = shake + foundations.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* principio constitutivo = constitutive principle.* principio de actuación = governing principle.* principio de archívese según aparece = file-as-is principle.* principio de cualificación profesional adecuada para el trabajo en cuestión = principle of rate for the job.* principio de gratuidad, el = gratis principle, the.* principio de igualdad, el = egalitarian principle, the.* principio de la alfabetización literal = file-as-is principle, file-as-is principle.* principio del escalonamiento = scalar principle.* principio ético = moral principle.* principio fundamental = fundamental, principium [principia, -pl.].* principio moral = moral principle.* principio orientador = guiding principle.* principios = philosophy, ethos, morals.* principios elevados = high-mindedness.* Principios para la Intercalación Bibliográfica = ISO7154.* proponer como principio = posit.* respetar los principios = observe + principles.* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.* sin principios = unscrupulous, unprincipled.* suscribir un principio = subscribe to + principle.* traicionar los principios de uno mismo = betray + Posesivo + own principles.* una cuestión de principios = a matter of principle.* violar un principio = violate + principle.principio22 = start, eruption, kick-off, startup [start-up], beginning.Ex: Olle is right, however, in implying that after a slow start interest in, and writing about, official publishing in Britain has increased dramatically in recent years.
Ex: Information on the news items relevant to 'mad cow disease' was collected for a period of 100 days starting very close to the eruption of the crisis.Ex: The cooperative venture 'StoryLines America' joins libraries and public radio in smash kick-off.Ex: This article presents some practical tips to help users of DIALOG's DIALOGLINK including buffer size, screen speed-up, startup short cuts, type-ahead buffer and use of DIALOGLING with other services.Ex: In addition, synthesis often requires the use of a facet indicator, which marks the beginning of a new facet for example.* abocado al fracaso desde el principio = doomed from + the start, doomed from + the outset, doomed to + failure, doomed to + failure from its inception, doomed from + the beginning.* al principio = at first, at the outset, early [earlier -comp., earliest -sup.], in the early years, originally, to start with, early on, at startup.* al principio de = at the beginning (of), at the dawn of, at the onset of, early in.* al principio de la imprenta = early printing.* al principio y al final = both ends.* al principio y al final de = at each end of.* a principios de = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.* comenzar por el principio = start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.* comenzar por el principio, empezar desde cero, comen = start from + scratch.* condenado al fracaso desde el principio = doomed from + the start, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the beginning.* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.* de principio a fin = from start to finish, gavel to gavel, from beginning to end.* de principio a fin (documento) = cover to cover.* desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.* desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.* desde principio a fin = throughout.* desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.* el principio de = the dawn of.* el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.* el principio de + Mes/Estación = early + Mes/Estación.* empezar por el principio = start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.* en principio = at first, conceivably, first of all, prima facie.* en un principio = at an earlier stage, initially, originally, at one time, to begin with.* fracaso desde el principio = doomed failure.* hay que empezar por el principio = first things must come first.* leer de principio a fin = read + from cover to cover.* muy al principio = in very early days, at the very outset.* para principios de siglo = by the turn of the century.* principio, el = early days, the.* regresar al principio = go back to + square one, be back to square one.* volvemos siempre al principio = things swing full circle.* volver al principio = come + full circle, bring + Pronombre + full-circle.* * *A (comienzo) beginningel principio del verano early summer, the beginning of summerempieza por el principio start at the beginningel principio del fin the beginning of the endel éxito logrado con su primer libro es un buen principio the success she's had with her first book is a good start, the success of her first book has got her off to a good startse llegó a un principio de acuerdo en las negociaciones they reached the beginnings of an agreement in the negotiationscongeniamos desde el principio we got along well from the startleyó el libro desde el principio hasta el final sin parar he read the book from cover to cover o from beginning to end o from start to finish without putting it downa principios de temporada at the beginning of the seasona principios de siglo at the turn of the centuryal principio at firsten un principio se creyó que la Tierra era plana at first o in the beginning people believed the Earth was flatB1 (concepto, postulado) principlees un principio universalmente aceptado it's a universally accepted conceptla teoría parte de un principio erróneo the theory is based on a false premiseen principio la reunión es el jueves the meeting's on Thursday unless you hear otherwise o provisionally, the meeting is set for Thursdayen principio estoy de acuerdo, pero no depende sólo de mí I agree in principle, but it isn't only up to me2 (norma moral) principlees una cuestión de principios it's a question of principle(s)es una persona de principios she's a person of principle o a principled personpor principio on principleCompuestos:uncertainty principleuncertainty principle● principio de placer/realidadpleasure/reality principle* * *
Del verbo principiar: ( conjugate principiar)
principio es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
principió es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
principiar
principio
principio sustantivo masculino
1 ( comienzo) beginning;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
eso es un buen principio that's a good start;
en un or al principio at first, in the beginning
2 (postulado, norma moral) principle;
por principio on principle
principio sustantivo masculino
1 (comienzo) beginning, start: nos hemos perdido el principio de la película, we've missed the beginning of the film
2 (causa, origen) premise, origin
3 (idea fundamental, norma) principle 4 principios, (nociones) rudiments, basics: posee algunos principios de mecánica, she has some rudiments of mechanics
♦ Locuciones: al principio, at first
en principio, in principle
por principio, on principle
' principio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- cien
- empezar
- extrema
- extremo
- frustrarse
- germen
- horterada
- indirecta
- vista
- criterio
- elemental
- por
English:
at
- basically
- begin
- beginning
- cornerstone
- early
- farce
- first
- front
- further
- go
- hear of
- initially
- initiation
- listen
- maybe
- originally
- outset
- policy
- principle
- see
- soon
- start
- stick to
- tenet
- wind back
- from
- out
- right
- throughout
- turn
* * *principio nm1. [comienzo] beginning, start;empieza por el principio start at the beginning;al principio at first, in the beginning;desde el principio from the beginning;se ha llegado a un principio de acuerdo a preliminary agreement has been reached;a principios de at the beginning of;en un principio at first;el principio del fin the beginning of the end;del principio al fin, desde el principio hasta el fin from beginning to end, from start to finish2. [fundamento, ley] principleprincipio de Arquímedes Archimedes' principle; Filosofía principio de causalidad causality principle;principio de incertidumbre uncertainty principle;principio de indeterminación uncertainty principle;principio del todo o nada all-or-nothing policy3. [origen] origin, source4. [elemento] elementprincipio activo active ingredient5.principios [reglas de conducta] principles;un hombre de principios a man of principles;sin principios unprincipled, unscrupulous;por principio on principle;se negó a hacerlo por principios she refused to do it on principle6.principios [nociones] rudiments, first principles;tiene algunos principios de informática she knows a bit about computing7. [primera consideración]en principio: en principio, me parece buena la idea in principle, the idea seems good;en principio quedamos en hacer una reunión el jueves provisionally o unless you hear otherwise, we've arranged to meet on Thursday* * *men principio in principle;por principio on principle2 en tiempo beginning;a principios de abril at the beginning of April;al principio, en un principio at first;el principio del fin the beginning of the end* * *principio nm1) comienzo: beginning2) : principle3)al principio : at first4)a principios de : at the beginning ofa principios de agosto: at the beginning of August5)en principio : in principle* * *1. (comienzo) beginning2. (concepto) principlea principios de... at the beginning of... -
5 закон
act, law, principle* * *зако́н м.
law; rule; principleизменя́ться по (за́данному) зако́ну — change [vary] in a (predetermined) manner [fashion]сигна́л изменя́ется по зако́ну модули́рующего напряже́ния — the signal follows the modulating voltageнаходи́ть по зако́ну — find [determine, give] by the lawзако́н о том, что … — the law that …по зако́ну — under the lawподчиня́ться зако́ну — obey the lawсогла́сно зако́ну — by [according to] the lawзако́н Авога́дро — Avogadro's hypothesis, Avogadro's lawзако́н аддити́вности — additivity law, principle of additivityадиабати́ческий зако́н — adiabatic lawзако́н Архиме́да — Archimedes' principleзако́н ассоциати́вности — associative lawзако́н Бабо́ ( в физической химии) — Babo's lawзако́н Бавено́ крист. — Baveno twin lawзако́н Берну́лли ( в теории вероятностей) — Bernoulli's theoremзако́н биномиа́льного распределе́ния — binomial(-distribution) lawзако́н Би́о—Сава́ра ( в электродинамике) — Biot-Savart's lawзако́н Бо́йля—Марио́тта — Boyle's law, Mariotte's lawзако́н Бо́льцмана ( в статистической механике) — Boltzmann distribution lawзако́н больши́х чи́сел — law of large numbers, law of averagesзако́н Бу́гера-Ламбе́рта-Бе́ера ( в аналитической химии) — Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law, Beer-Lambert-Bouguer lawзако́н Вант-Го́ффа — Van't Hoff lawвероя́тностный зако́н — probability law, law of probabilityзако́н взаи́мности ( в теории чисел) — reciprocity lawзако́н взаи́мности квадра́тных вы́четов — quadratic reciprocity lawзако́н взаимозамести́мости кфт. — reciprocity law, Bunsen-Roscoe lawзако́н виртуа́льных скоросте́й — law of virtual velocitiesзако́н возраста́ния энтропи́и — law of degradation of energyзако́н всеми́рного тяготе́ния Ньюто́на — (Newton's) law of gravitationзако́н Ге́йгера—Нетто́ла яд. физ. — Geiger-Nuttall ruleзако́н Гей-Люсса́ка ( в термодинамике) — Gay-Lussac's law, combining volumes principle, Charle's lawзако́н Ге́нри ( в термодинамике) — Henry's lawзако́н Ге́сса ( в термохимии) — Hess's law, law of constant heat summationгиперболи́ческий зако́н — hyperbolic lawзако́н Грэ́ма ( в коллоидной химии) — Graham's lawзако́н Гу́ка ( в механике) — Hooke's lawзако́н Дальто́на ( в кинетической теории газов) — Dalton's law, law of partial pressuresзако́н Да́рси ( в гидродинамике) — Darcy's lawзако́н движе́ния электро́нов в электри́ческом по́ле — behavior of electrons in an electric fieldзако́н двойно́го отрица́ния — law of double negationдвучле́нный зако́н — binomial lawзако́н де́йствия и противоде́йствия — law of action and reactionзако́н де́йствующих масс — law of mass action, mass action lawзако́н Джо́уля—Ле́нца — Joule's lawзако́н дистрибути́вности — distributive lawзако́н дистрибути́вности дизъю́нкции относи́тельно конъю́нкции — distributive law of disjunction over conjunctionзако́н дистрибути́вности конъю́нкции относи́тельно дизъю́нкции — distribution law of conjunction over disjunctionзако́н идеа́льного га́за — ideal gas lawзако́н излуче́ния Пла́нка — Planck distribution law, Planck radiation formulaзако́н излуче́ния Рэ́лея—Джи́нса ( в статистической механике) — Rayleigh-Jeans lawзако́н ине́рции — Galileo's law of inertia, first law of motionзако́н исключё́нного тре́тьего — law of the excluded middleквадрати́чный зако́н — square lawква́нтовый зако́н — quantum lawзако́н Ке́плера астр. — Kepler's lawзако́ны Кирхго́фа — Kirchhoff's lawsзако́н Кольра́уша ( в физической химии) — Kohlrausch's lawзако́н коммутати́вности — commutative lawзако́н конве́кции — raw or convectionзако́н ко́синуса — cosine lawзако́н кра́сного смеще́ния астр. — the red-shift law, Hubble lawзако́н кра́тных отноше́ний — (Dalton's) law of multiple proportionsзако́н Куло́на — Coulomb's lawлине́йный зако́н — linear lawзако́н ма́лых чи́сел — law of small numbersзако́н Менделе́ева, периоди́ческий — Mendeleev's periodic lawзако́н наиме́ньшего де́йствия — principle of least actionнеква́нтовый зако́н — unquantized lawзако́ны меха́ники Нью́тона — Newton's laws of motionзако́н обрати́мости опт. — principle of reversibilityзако́н обра́тных квадра́тов — inverse-square lawзако́н объё́мных отноше́ний — law of combining volumesзако́н О́ма — Ohm's lawосновно́й зако́н — fundamental lawзако́н оши́бок — error functionзако́н паё́в — law of multiple proportionsзако́н парциа́льных давле́ний — Dalton's law, law of partial pressuresзако́н Паска́ля ( в гидростатике) — Pascal's lawзако́н Па́шена ( в теории газовых разрядов) — Paschen's lawперемести́тельный зако́н — commutative lawзако́н площаде́й — law of areasзако́н поглоще́ния — law of absorptionзако́н подо́бия — scaling [similarity, similitude] lawзако́н по́лного то́ка — Ampere's circuital lawзако́н постоя́нства соста́ва — law of constant [definite] proportionsзако́н постоя́нства сумм тепла́ ( в термохимии) — Hess's law, law of constant heat summationзако́н постоя́нства угло́в — law of constant anglesзако́н преобразова́ния — transformation lawзако́н простра́нственного заря́да — spacecharge lawзако́н просты́х объё́мных отноше́ний — Gay-Lussac's law, combining volumes principle, Charle's lawзако́н противоре́чия — law of contradictionзако́н Пуазё́йля ( закон ламинарного течения вязкой жидкости через тонкую трубку) — Poiseuille's lawзако́н равноме́рного распределе́ния — equipartition lawзако́н радиоакти́вного распа́да — radioactive decay lawзако́н радиоакти́вного смеще́ния — radioactive-displacement lawзако́н развё́ртывания — law of developmentзако́н распределе́ния — distribution [partition] lawзако́н распределе́ния вероя́тностей — probability [distribution] lawзако́н распределе́ния оши́бок — law (of propagation) of errorsраспредели́тельный зако́н — distributive lawзако́н Рау́ля ( в физической химии) — Raoult's lawзако́н регули́рования — control (mode), control actionзако́н регули́рования, астати́ческий — integral control (mode [action]), I-control (mode [action])зако́н регули́рования, изодро́мный — proportional-plus-integral control [PI-control] (action)зако́н регули́рования, изодро́мный с предваре́нием [по произво́дной] — proportional-plus integral-plus derivative control [PID-control] (action)зако́н регули́рования, стати́ческий — proportional control (mode [action]), P-control (mode [action])зако́н рефлекти́вности — reflexive lawзако́н Рэ́лея ( в теории рассеяния света) — Rayleigh lawзако́н самодистрибути́вности — self-distributive lawзако́н свобо́дного паде́ния — free-fall lawзако́н симме́трии — symmetry lawзако́н си́нусов — sine lawзако́н сло́жных проце́нтов — law of compound interestзако́н случа́йных оши́бок — law of accidental errorsзако́н смеще́ния Ви́на — Wien's (displacement) lawзако́н сохране́ния коли́чества движе́ния — law of conservation of momentumзако́н сохране́ния ма́ссы — law of conservation of massзако́н сохране́ния мате́рии — law of conservation of matterзако́н сохране́ния эне́ргии — law of conservation of energyсочета́тельный зако́н — associative lawзако́н тавтоло́гии — law of tautologyзако́н термодина́мики — law of thermodynamicsзако́н то́ждества — law of identity, idempotent lawзако́н транзити́вности — transitive lawзако́н трёх вторы́х — three-halves power lawзако́н тройно́го отрица́ния — law of triple negationзако́н тяготе́ния Эйнште́йна — Einstein's law of gravitation, Einstein's field equationsзако́н упру́гости — law of elasticityзако́ны Фараде́я ( основные законы электролиза) — Faraday's laws of electrolysisзако́н Фараде́я—Ма́ксвелла—Ле́нца — Faraday's law of induction, law of electromagnetic inductionзако́н хими́ческих эквивале́нтов — law of multiple proportionsзако́н це́лых чи́сел — law of rational inducesзако́н Эйнште́йна ( в фотохимии) — Einstein law of photochemical equivalencesзако́н эквивале́нтов — law or multiple proportionsэкспоненциа́льный зако́н — exponential law* * * -
6 wet
2 [stelsel van rechtsregels, ook religie] law4 [wetenschappelijk] [wetmatigheid] law♦voorbeelden:een ongeschreven wet • an unwritten ruleeen wet aannemen/goedkeuren • pass/enact a laween wet invoeren/afkondigen/uitvaardigen • enact/promulgate/constitute a lawde wet naleven/schenden/overtreden/ontduiken • abide by/violate/break/circumvent the lawde wet schrijft voor dat … • the law prescribes that …de wet toepassen • enforce the lawhet gerecht moet de wetten uitvoeren • the court has to execute the lawseen ontwerp dat wet moet worden • a bill which has to become lawde wet zegt dat … • it is the law that …conform de wet • lawful, legalin overeenstemming met de wet • in accordance with lawvolgens de wet is het een misdaad • it's a crime before the law2 naar de letter/naar de geest van de wet • according to the letter/spirit of the lawvolgens de Engelse wet • under English lawgeschreven wet • statute lawde Mozaïsche wet • Mosaic(al) lawwet is wet • the law is the lawgehoorzaam aan de wet • law-abidingbij de wet bepaald • regulated by lawboven de wet staan • be above the lawzich buiten de wet stellen • place oneself outside the lawdoor de wet verboden • prohibited/forbidden by lawingevolge de wet • under lawin strijd met/strijdig met de wet • unlawful, illegal, lawless, against the lawnaar wet en recht • according to law and justicevoor de wet trouwen • marry at a registry officevoor de wet is iedereen gelijk • everybody is equal before the laween wet van Meden en Perzen • a law of the Medes and Persians, a hard and fast rulemoeders wil is wet • mother's word is laween ijzeren wet • an iron lawde joodse/mohammedaanse wet • Jewish/Hebrew law, Islamic lawiemand de wet voorschrijven • lay down the law to someone -
7 Arkimedes' lov
subst. Archimedes' principle, the Archimedean principle -
8 mów|ić
impf Ⅰ vt 1. (przekazywać) to tell (coś komuś sb sth a. sth to sb); to say (coś komuś sth to sb)- mówię ci prawdę I’m telling you the truth- mówiłem mu, jak było I told him what it was like- zawsze mówi mi dzień dobry s/he always says hello to me- mówiłem ci, że wrócę później I told you (that) I’d come back later- matka mówi mu, żeby był grzeczny his mother keeps telling him to be a good boy- mówiono (nam) a. było mówione, żeby nie palić we were told not to smoke- mówili (sobie) wiersze they were reciting poems (to each other)- mówić z pamięci (wyuczony tekst) to speak from memory- mówić z głowy (improwizować) to speak a. talk without notes, to give an extempore talk, to improvise- mówić od rzeczy a. bzdury to talk nonsense a. rubbish- mówić do rzeczy to talk sense- mówić coś pod nosem a. wąsem to say sth under a. below one’s breath- halo, kto mówi? (przez telefon) hallo, who’s there?- dzień dobry, mówi Jacek hello, Jacek speaking2. (plotkować) to talk vi, to say- mówić coś na kogoś a. o kimś to say sth about sb- cała wieś o nich mówi the whole village is talking about them a. they are the talk of the village- mówią na niego, że (jest) głupi they say he’s stupid- mówią, że miał dwie żony he is said to have had two wives- tylko wróciła, a wszyscy zaczęli mówić no sooner had she come back than tongues began to wag3. (informować) [przepisy, konstytucja] to say; [znak, wygląd] to mean; (podpowiadać) [serce, rozum, intuicja] to tell- prawo Archimedesa mówi, że… Archimedes’ principle says that…- jego mina/wzrok mówił, że… his expression/eyes showed that…- o czym mówi ta książka/ulotka? what’s the book/leaflet about?- ta nazwa nic mi nie mówi the name tells me nothing a. doesn’t ring a bell with me- mówi ci to coś? does it mean anything to you?- przeczucie a. coś mi mówi, że nam się uda something tells me a. I have the feeling that we’ll succeed- jej uśmiech/spojrzenie mówi nam wszystko her smile/look tells us everything- fakty mówią (nam) co innego the facts tell (us) a different story ⇒ powiedziećⅡ vi 1. (posługiwać się mową) to talk, to speak- kiedy dziecko zaczyna mówić? when do children start to talk a. speak?- mówić gwarą to speak (in a) dialect- mówić przez nos to speak through one’s nose2. (rozmawiać) to talk- mówić (z kimś) o kimś/czymś to talk (to a. with US sb) about sb/sth- czy mogę mówić z Janem? (przez telefon) can a. may I speak to a. with US Jan please?- mówić do kogoś to talk to sb- jak śmiesz tak do mnie mówić! how dare you talk a. speak to me like that!- mówić o kimś dobrze/źle to speak well/ill of sb3. (zwracać się, nazywać) to call vt- mówią na niego Lolo/„grubas” he is called a. they call him Lolo/‘fatso’- mówił do niej po imieniu he called her by her first name- mówienie sobie po imieniu jest tu powszechne it’s common to be on first-name terms with people here ⇒ powiedzieć4. pot. (podczas śledztwa, przesłuchania) to talk- na torturach zaczął mówić as soon as they began torturing him he started to talk■ a nie mówiłem? I told you so!- co ja mówię? pot. no, I’m sorry- wczoraj, co ja mówię, przedwczoraj yesterday, no, I’m sorry, the day before yesterday- jego mina mówi sama za siebie pot. his expression speaks for itself- złość/żal mówi przez kogoś a. przez czyjeś usta książk. it’s sb’s anger/resentment speaking- czy ja coś mówię? go ahead, do as you like- dobrze a. łatwo ci mówić it’s a. that’s easy for you to say, it’s all very well for you to talk- krótko mówiąc in brief a. short- mów co chcesz/mówcie co chcecie pot. say what you like- mówza siebie! speak for yourself!- mówiąc między nami a. między nami mówiąc pot. (just) between you and me a. between ourselves a. between the two of us- mówić bez ogródek a. osłonek a. bez owijania w bawełnę to not mince (one’s) words, to lay it a. put it on the line- mówić do kogoś jak do kogoś dobrego a. mówić komuś jak komu dobremu to try to make sb understand- mówić z kimś wspólnym a. tym samym językiem to speak the same language as sb- mówię ci! I (can) tell you- nie ma co mówić pot. no two ways about it- nie ma o czym mówić (odpowiedź na podziękowanie) my pleasure, don’t mention it; (odpowiedź na przeprosiny) don’t mention it; (odmowa) it’s out of the question- nie mów! you don’t say (so)! pot.- nie mówiąc a. wspominając o… książk. not to mention…, to say nothing of…The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > mów|ić
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9 Hero of Alexandria
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]fl. c.62 AD Alexandria[br]Alexandrian mathematician and mechanician.[br]Nothing is known of Hero, or Heron, apart from what can be gleaned from the books he wrote. Their scope and style suggest that he was a teacher at the museum or the university of Alexandria, writing textbooks for his students. The longest book, and the one with the greatest technological interest, is Pneumatics. Some of its material is derived from the works of the earlier writers Ctesibius of Alexandria and Philo of Byzantium, but many of the devices described were invented by Hero himself. The introduction recognizes that the air is a body and demonstrates the effects of air pressure, as when air must be allowed to escape from a closed vessel before water can enter. There follow clear descriptions of a variety of mechanical contrivances depending on the effects of either air pressure or heated gases. Most of the devices seem trivial, but such toys or gadgets were popular at the time and Hero is concerned to show how they work. Inventions with a more serious purpose are a fire pump and a water organ. One celebrated gadget is a sphere that is set spinning by jets of steam—an early illustration of the reaction principle on which modern jet propulsion depends.M echanics, known only in an Arabic version, is a textbook expounding the theory and practical skills required by the architect. It deals with a variety of questions of mechanics, such as the statics of a horizontal beam resting on vertical posts, the theory of the centre of gravity and equilibrium, largely derived from Archimedes, and the five ways of applying a relatively small force to exert a much larger one: the lever, winch, pulley, wedge and screw. Practical devices described include sledges for transporting heavy loads, cranes and a screw cutter.Hero's Dioptra describes instruments used in surveying, together with an odometer or device to indicate the distance travelled by a wheeled vehicle. Catoptrics, known only in Latin, deals with the principles of mirrors, plane and curved, enunciating that the angle of incidence is equal to that of reflection. Automata describes two forms of puppet theatre, operated by strings and drums driven by a falling lead weight attached to a rope wound round an axle. Hero's mathematical work lies in the tradition of practical mathematics stretching from the Babylonians through Islam to Renaissance Europe. It is seen most clearly in his Metrica, a treatise on mensuration.Of all his works, Pneumatics was the best known and most influential. It was one of the works of Greek science and technology assimilated by the Arabs, notably Banu Musa ibn Shakir, and was transmitted to medieval Western Europe.[br]BibliographyAll Hero's works have been printed with a German translation in Heronis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt omnia, 1899–1914, 5 vols, Leipzig. The book on pneumatics has been published as The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, 1851, trans. and ed. Bennet Wood-croft, London (facs. repr. 1971, introd. Marie Boas Hall, London and New York).Further ReadingA.G.Drachmann, 1948, "Ktesibios, Philon and Heron: A Study in Ancient Pneumatics", Acta Hist. Sci. Nat. Med. 4, Copenhagen: Munksgaard.T.L.Heath, 1921, A History of Greek Mathematics, Oxford (still useful for his mathematical work).LRD
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